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- Date: Mon, 29 Jun 92 17:31:11 -0400
- From: dmilne@KEAN.UCS.MUN.CA
- Subject: ELEMIG Lesson #10A
- Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- To: Multiple recipients of <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- Reply-to: dmilne@kean.ucs.mun.ca
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- Status: O
-
-
- June 29, 1992
-
-
- A chairde(an),
-
- This is the first of two lessons which looks at a number of
- expressions and idioms with that most versatile preposition, "le".
-
- I am posting this on Monday night, June 29. The last lesson
- I posted apparently never reached "Gaelic-L" due to some sort of
- transmission difficulty. Fortunately, Andreas brought this to my
- attention, and I tried again on Saturday. I hope this one gets
- through on time.
-
- Slán is beannacht,
-
- Dorothy
- ...................................................................
-
- Comments, corrections, questions, etc. can be sent to me at
-
- "dmilne@kean.ucs.mun.ca"
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- These lessons are based loosely on the text "Tosach Maith: a junior
- course in Irish" by Sister Francis McAndrew. (Folens, rev. ed. 1976)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- LESSON # 10
-
- "LE" (WITH)
- "NEAR" "LIKE" "TOGETHER"
-
-
- I. GRAMMAR
-
- A. When "le" is used with a noun, these forms are used:
-
- with a picture le pictiúir
- with the picture leis an bpictiúir
-
- with pictures le pictiúirí
- with the pictures leis na pictiúirí
-
- with butter le him
- with eggs le huibheacha
-
- with Ann le háine
-
-
- When used with a pronoun, "le" forms the following set of
- prepositional pronouns:
-
- with me liom [l'om]
- with you (sg) leat [l'at]
- with him, it (m) leis [l'es']
- with her, it (f) léi [l'e:]
- with us linn [l'in']
- with you (pl) libh [l'iv']
- with them leo [l'o:]
-
-
- B. While "le" is often used where we would use the word "with"
- in English, in Irish it is also used with verbs where we would
- use a different pronoun or no preposition at all in English.
- Four examples of this are given below:
-
- Spoke to Labhair ... le...
- Waited for D'fhan ... le ...
- Helped Chabhraigh ... le ...
- Succeeded D'éirigh le...
-
- John spoke to Peg. Labhair Seán le Peig.
- Mary waited for Michael. D'fhan Máire le Mícheál.
- Ann helped Peg. Chabhraigh Ann le Peig.
- We succeeded. D'éirigh linn.
-
- Note that the sentence "D'éirigh linn." has no subject.
- (The subject is presumably "it" (sé), but is not expressed.)
-
- The opposite term, "failed" is an idiom with "ar" :
-
- Failed Theip ar ...
-
- e.g. We failed. Theip orainn.
-
- .....................................
-
- C. "NEAR"
-
- To say something is "near" or "beside" something else, use this
- idiom with "le":
-
- near, beside in aice le... [in/ak'@ l'@]
-
- e.g. near the gate in aice leis an ngeata
- beside Mary in aice le Máire
-
- .......................................
-
-
- D. "LIKE"
-
- To say something resembles, or is like, something else,
- use this idiom:
-
- "like" cosúil le .. [kosu:l']
-
- e.g. Tá Máire cos/uil le Peig. Mary resembles Peg.
- Mary is like Peg.
-
-
- .........................................
-
-
- E. "TOGETHER"
-
- To express the idea of being "together", "along with",
- "accompanying", or "simultaneously with" use this phrase:
-
- "together, etc." in éineacht le... [in' e:n'@xt l@]
-
- e.g. Chuaigh an buachaill in éineacht leis an múinteoir
-
- The boy went with the teacher.
- accompanied the teacher.
-
- ............................................
-
- F. "OFF WITH THEM" "IN WITH YOU" ETC.
-
- The prepositional pronouns with "le" are used with
- directional words to express people moving. No verb
- is used, so the tense and mood is interpreted from
- context:
-
- e.g. Amach leat. Get out of here (to one person)
- Amach libh. Out you go. (to more than one person)
-
- e.g. Isteach linn. Let's go inside.
- Isteach leis. He went inside, he came inside, he is going
- inside, he is coming inside, etc. according
- to context.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- II. VOCABULARY
-
- Plurals
-
- bridge droichead [drox'@d] E (droichid)
- beach trá [tra:] D
- class rang [raNG] D
- country(side) tuath (f) [tu@] B
- lake loch [lox] D
- person duine [din'@] daoine [di:n'@]
- thing rud [rud] A
- valley gleann [g'l'an] gleannta
-
-
- her (poss) a [@]
- other eile [el'@]
- near in aice le
- like cosúil le
- together with in éineacht le
- who, which a [@]
-
- failed theip [hep']
- helped chabhraigh [kauri:]
- spoke labhair [laur]
- succeeded d'éirigh [d'e:r'i:]
- waited d'fhan [dan]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- III. EXERCISES
-
- Translate into English:
-
- 1. Bhí teach agam sa ghleann in aice leis an loch.
- 2. T/a Peig cosúil leis na cailíní eile.
- 3. Chuaigh Máire go Corcaigh inné agus chabhraigh sí leis
- a deirfúir sa ghairdín.
- 4. Labhairt an múinteoir leis an mbean a tháinig ar scoil
- in éineacht leis na daoine eile.
- 5. D'fhan sé leis an mbus ar an tsráid mór.
-
-
- Translate into Irish:
-
- 6. Out they went.
- 7. In she comes.
- 8. Mary spoke to me.
- 9. John helped us.
- 10. You (sg) succeeded, but I failed.
- 11. She waited for him at the hospital.
- 12. I helped you (pl) last night.
- 13. The house was near the bridge which was near the beach.
- 14. Tim came to the fair with me.
- 15. The teacher spoke to us this morning.
- 16. I waited for him at the concert.
- 17. Bill and Michael helped you (pl) yesterday; you (pl) helped them
- today.
- 18. He put the shirts (together) with the other things in
- the box.
- 19. The woman waited for the boys in the car.
- 20. The house in the country is not like the house in the city.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
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- Wed, 01 Jul 92 17:14:30 GMT
- Date: Wed, 1 Jul 92 12:12:41 -0400
- From: dmilne@KEAN.UCS.MUN.CA
- Subject: elem IG Lesson #10 typos
- Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- To: Multiple recipients of <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- Reply-to: dmilne@kean.ucs.mun.ca
- Message-id: <01GLVQTEHMFG0000IY@mailgate.ucd.ie>
- X-Envelope-to: pwaldron@MATHS.TCD.IE, tim@MATHS.TCD.IE
- Status: O
-
-
- From: MX%"beckers@ira.uka.de" 1-JUL-1992 07:28:48.41
- To: DMILNE
-
-
- A chairde(an),
-
- Andreas Beckers has found the following typos in Lesson #10.
- I seem to have been more asleep than usual when typing this lesson in!
-
- Dorothy
-
- ................................................................
-
-
-
- in I. B.
- Ann helped Peg. Chabhraigh Ann le Peig.
- ------------------------------------> áine
-
- in I. C.
- near, beside in aice le... [in/ak'@ l'@]
- ------------------------------------> [in ak'@ l'@]
-
- in II.
- beach trá [tra:] D
- -------> trá (f)
-
- spoke labhair [laur]
- -------------------------> [laur']
-
- in III.
-
- 4. Labhairt an múinteoir leis an mbean a tháinig ar scoil
- --->Labhair
- in éineacht leis na daoine eile.
-
- ................................................................
-
- Thanks, Andreas,
- Dorothy
-
-